Researchers from Heidelberg University have successfully designed RNA-based cytoskeleton structures, paving the way for self-assembling synthetic cells with promising applications in biotechnology, diagnostics, and therapeutic development.

RNA Structures Advance Synthetic Biology

Advancing Synthetic Biology Through RNA Engineering

In a groundbreaking study, researchers have successfully produced cytoskeleton-like structures from RNA, marking a pivotal advancement towards the field of synthetic biology. This innovation, detailed in a publication by Heidelberg University in Nature Nanotechnology, holds promise for the development of synthetic cells, which could have wide-ranging applications in research, diagnostics, and therapeutics [1].

The Concept of RNA Origami

RNA and DNA molecules play critical roles in biological systems by carrying genetic information necessary for protein synthesis. However, their inherent properties also lend them as excellent building materials for synthetic structures. This concept isn’t new; nature has utilized ribosomes, which are partially composed of RNA, for countless years.

The term “RNA origami” refers to the design and engineering of sequences that compel RNA molecules to self-assemble into intricate, predetermined shapes. This technique has been likened to the more widely known DNA origami [2].

Engineered RNA structures have showcased impressive complexity, including the creation of DNA “boxes” that transport drug agents directly to targeted areas, where they function akin to molecular delivery systems. Recent advancements, however, have propelled the development of RNA systems to new heights.

Nanostructures and Their Mechanisms

The Heidelberg research team unveiled novel RNA designs capable of assembling into tube-like and network structures reminiscent of the cellular cytoskeleton, composed of protein filaments and microtubules. The cytoskeleton is essential for maintaining cellular shape and stability.